UN 2814 指南卡 158

感染性物质，对人感染

Infectious substance, affecting humans

危险性类别: 6.2
包装类别: —
指南卡: 158 · 感染性物质

TDG 运输品名（联合国《规章范本》）

正式运输品名	危险性类别	副危险	包装类别
感染性物质，对人感染	6.2	—	—

全部可检索名称（2）

感染性物质，对人感染official · zh
Infectious substance, affecting humansen · en

潜在危害（火灾与爆炸）

其中某些物质可能燃烧，但均不易点燃。

Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.

某些可能以易燃液体作溶剂运输。

Some may be transported in flammable liquids.

健康危害

吸入或接触该物质可能造成感染、疾病或死亡。

Inhalation or contact with substance may cause infection, disease or death.

A 类感染性物质（UN2814、UN2900 或 UN3549）比按 B 类生物物质（UN3373）或临床废物/医疗废物（UN3291）运输的感染性物质更危险，或处于更危险的状态。

Category A Infectious Substances (UN2814, UN2900 or UN3549) are more hazardous, or are in a more hazardous form, than infectious substances shipped as Category B Biological Substances (UN3373) or clinical waste/medical waste (UN3291).

灭火用水或稀释水的径流可能造成环境污染。

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

以固体二氧化碳作制冷剂的破损包装件，可能因空气冷凝而产生水或霜。切勿接触该液体，它可能已被包裹内容物污染。

Damaged packages containing solid CO2 as a refrigerant may produce water or frost from condensation of air. Do not touch this liquid as it could be contaminated by the contents of the parcel.

接触固体二氧化碳可能造成灼伤、重伤和（或）冻伤。

Contact with solid CO2 may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.

公众安全

拨打 119（火警）/120（急救）/110（报警）。然后拨打运输单据上的应急响应电话号码；如无运输单据或无人接听，请拨国家化学事故应急咨询专线 0532-83889090（24 小时），或查阅封底内页所列的相应电话号码。

CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

无关人员远离。

Keep unauthorized personnel away.

位于上风向、地势较高处和（或）上游。

Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

查阅运输单据以确认涉及的物质。

Consult the shipping paper to identify the substance involved.

立即预防措施

Immediate precautionary measure

向四周隔离泄漏区至少 25 米（75 英尺）。

Isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions.

消防措施

小面积火灾

Small Fire

干粉、纯碱、石灰或沙子。

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

大面积火灾

Large Fire

使用适合周围火情的灭火剂。

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

切勿用高压水流冲散泄漏物。

Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.

在安全可行的情况下，将未受损的容器移离火场周边区域。

If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

防护服

应根据现场物料数量及可能的暴露途径判断，选择防护服。

Use judgement based on the amount of material present and the possible routes of exposure to select protective clothing.

佩戴适当的呼吸防护，如经过适合性检验的 N95 口罩（最低要求）、动力送风过滤式呼吸器（PAPR）或正压自给式呼吸器（SCBA）。

Wear appropriate respiratory protection, such as fit-tested N95 respirator (at minimum), powered air purifying respirator (PAPR), or positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

穿着全身覆盖式防护服（如 Tyvek 防护服）、面屏和一次性防液体手套（如乳胶或丁腈）。

Wear full coverage body protection (e.g., Tyvek suit), faceshield, and disposable fluid-resistant gloves (e.g., latex or nitrile).

穿着适当的鞋类；可穿一次性鞋套以防沾染。

Wear appropriate footwear; disposable shoe covers can be worn to protect against contamination.

如有尖锐物（如碎玻璃、针头），应在防液体手套外再戴防刺穿、防切割手套。

Puncture- and cut-resistant gloves should be worn over fluid-resistant gloves if sharp objects (e.g., broken glass, needles) are present.

处理干冰（UN1845）时，应在防液体手套外再戴隔热手套（如低温手套）。

Wear insulated gloves (e.g. cryo gloves) over fluid-resistant gloves when handling dry ice (UN1845).

防护服和个人防护装备在使用后、清洗或处置前，应使用相容的化学消毒剂（如 10% 漂白剂溶液，相当于 0.5% 次氯酸钠），或通过经确认的去污技术（如高压灭菌）或流程进行去污。

Decontaminate protective clothing and personal protective equipment after use and before cleaning or disposal with a compatible chemical disinfectant (e.g., 10% solution of bleach, equivalent to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) or through a validated decontamination technology (e.g., autoclave) or process.

消防员结构防护服可提供热防护，但化学防护能力有限。

Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

泄漏处置

切勿触碰或踩踏泄漏物。

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

未穿着适当防护服时，切勿触碰破损容器或泄漏物。

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

用土、沙子或其他不燃材料吸收。

Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

用纸巾、毛巾或抹布等吸附材料覆盖破损包装件或泄漏物以吸收液体，然后从外缘开始倾倒液体漂白剂或其他化学消毒剂使其饱和。用液体漂白剂或其他消毒剂保持湿润。

Cover damaged package or spilled material with absorbent material such as paper towel, towel or rag to absorb any liquids, and, beginning from outside edge, pour liquid bleach or other chemical disinfectant to saturate. Keep wet with liquid bleach or other disinfectant.

除专家监督外，切勿清理或处置。

DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

急救

通用急救措施（各卡一致（18）

一般急救：

General First Aid:

拨打 120（急救）或呼叫急救医疗服务。

Call 911 or emergency medical service.

确保医务人员了解所涉及的物质，采取防护措施保护自身并避免沾染。

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

在安全可行的情况下，将伤员移至新鲜空气处。

Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

呼吸困难时给予吸氧。

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

如伤员无呼吸：

If victim is not breathing:

切勿进行口对口人工呼吸；伤员可能已吞入或吸入该物质。

DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

如具备条件且触及脉搏，清洗面部和口腔，然后使用合格的呼吸急救装置（球囊面罩、带单向阀的口袋面罩或其他装置）进行人工呼吸。

If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

如未触及脉搏或无呼吸急救装置，实施持续胸外按压。每两分钟检查一次脉搏，或观察有无自主呼吸的迹象。

If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

脱去并隔离受污染的衣物和鞋子。

Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

少量皮肤接触时，避免将物质扩散到未受污染的皮肤上。

For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

如接触该物质，立即用流动清水冲洗皮肤或眼睛至少 20 分钟。

In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

严重烧伤须立即就医。

For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

接触该物质（吸入、吞入或皮肤接触）后的症状可能出现延迟。

Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

保持伤员安静并保暖。

Keep victim calm and warm.

对伤员持续观察。

Keep victim under observation.

如需进一步救助，请联系当地中毒控制中心。

For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

注：基础生命支持（BLS）和高级生命支持（ALS）应由受过训练的专业人员实施。

Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

本物质专项急救

特殊急救：

Specific First Aid:

在安全可行的情况下，将伤员移至隔离区域。

Move victim to an isolated area if it can be done safely.

注意：伤员本身可能是污染源。

CAUTION: Victim may be a source of contamination.

如接触该物质，立即用流动清水冲洗眼睛，并用肥皂和水彻底清洗皮肤。注意不要弄破皮肤。

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush eyes with running water and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Take caution not to break the skin.

可能还需要进一步去污。

Additional decontamination may also be necessary.

接触该物质（吸入、吞入、注射/接种或皮肤接触）后的影响可能出现延迟。伤员应就症状和治疗咨询医务人员。

Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, injection/inoculation or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Victim should consult medical professional for information regarding symptoms and treatment.

在加拿大，本产品可能要求制定应急响应援助计划（ERAP）。请查阅运输单据和（或）「ERAP」章节。

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

中国境内请拨：火警 119 · 急救 120 · 报警 110；化学品泄漏或中毒另可拨国家化学事故应急咨询专线 0532-83889090（24 小时）。英文原文沿用 ERG 原版（美国为 911）。

以上为第三方/官方站点，在本站新窗口打开；ICSC 未收录的化学品可能显示「未查到」，属正常结果。

以上内容来自 ERG 2024（美国政府作品）与机器翻译初稿，仅供应急处置参考。现场决策应结合专业训练、当地预案与官方文本；翻译未经专业复核的部分以英文原文为准。